STUDI LITERATUR MENGENAI KEAMANAN DALAM PENGANGKUTAN ZAT RADIOAKTIF

STUDI LITERATUR MENGENAI KEAMANAN DALAM PENGANGKUTAN ZAT RADIOAKTIF. IAEA sudah sejak dulu merekomendasikan mengenai proteksi fisik untuk fasilitas dan bahan nuklir diantaranya, INFCIRC/225/Rev. 4 (Corrected), tahun 1999. Sistem proteksi fisik wajib untuk bahan dan fasilitas nuklir, juga ketika bahan nuklir sedang diangkut. Untuk sumber radioaktif, proteksi fisik tidak wajib, hanya dengan penerapan prinsip proteksi radiasi terhadap manusia dan keselamatan radiasi terhadap sumber. Sehubungan banyaknya kecelakaan radiasi dan adanya potensi ancaman keamanan, memicu IAEA menjadi lebih fokus menerbitkan sejumlah rekomendasi baik dari aspek keselamatan maupun keamanan. Publikasi IAEA, BSS No. 115 tahun 1996 yang paling mendasar dan relevan mengenai standar keselamatan untuk semua jenis pemanfaatan tenaga nuklir, juga telah sedikit menyinggung keamanan. Selanjutnya, IAEA merekomendasikan banyak hal terkait keamanan sumber radioaktif, meliputi: Tecdoc, Code of Conduct, Guidance dan Safety Guide. Tahun 2008 IAEA merekomendasikan secara khusus keamanan dalam pengangkutan zat radioaktif, NSS No. 09. Saat ini, peraturan mengenai keamanan bahan nuklir maupun keamanan sumber radioaktif sudah lengkap. Ruang lingkup adalah pembahasan mengenai rekomendasi IAEA terkait proteksi fisik bahan nuklir da keamanan sumber radioaktif serta peraturan terkait aspek keamanan. Tujuan adalah tersedianya hasil kajian yang dapat digunakan menjadi bahan konsepsi amendemen PP No. 26 Tahun 2002 dengan melakukan kajian terhadap rekomendasi IAEA, NSS No. 09 dan dibandingkan dengan peraturan yang ada.  

Kata kunci: keamanan, pengakutan, zat radioaktif, bahan nuklir, sumber radioaktif

ABSTRACT.

LITERATURE STUDY ON SECURITY IN TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. Since long time ago, IAEA had recommended on physical protection for facility and nuclear material, such as, INFCIRC/225/Rev. 4 (Corrected), in 1999. Physical protection syatem is a mandatory for facility and nuclear material, it is also while nuclear material is being transported. For radioactive source, physical protection is not a mandatory, just by implementation of radiation protection principle against human and safety of the source. In accordance with a number of accidents become more and there is a potential of threat wich tend to security, trigger IAEA becomes more focus to publish  a number of recommendations either safety aspect or security aspect. There is an IAEA publication, BSS  No. 115 in 1996 which is most substantial and relevant on the safety standards for all kinds of utilization of nuclear energy, which already also explained a little bit about security.  Moreover, IAEA has recommended many things which related with security of radioactive source, covers: Tecdoc, Code of Conduct, Guidance, Safety Guide. Finally, in 2008 IAEA recommended especially security in transport of radioactive material, NSS No. 09. For this time being, regulations on security either for nuclear material or radioactive source already completed, which regulate technical substance during in use, storage and transport, which is formulated based on IAEA recommendations. Scope is study on IAEA recommendations which is related with physical protection of nuclear material and security of radioactive source as wel as regulations related with security. The purpose is there is a result of assessment will be considered  to be a document of conseption to amendment of Government Act  No. 26 Year 2002, by doing an assessment on IAEA recommendation, NSS No. 09 and to be compared with the existing regulation.

Key words: security, transport, radioactive material, nuclear material,  radioactive source.

* Kepala Subdirektorat Peratuaran Kesehatan, Industri dan Penelitian

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